A trip to Canibadam.
“Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“ a city rich in almonds ”). Here the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers ”
Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi. The book "Mujam-ul-buldon".
For the first time, the city of Kanibadam was mentioned in historical acts of the 15th century (1463), according to some sources, existed as early as the 8th – 10th centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bKanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of \u200b\u200bthis city existed in the second millennium BC.
In historical documents and reliable scientific sources, it is noted that Kanibadam is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road 3700 years ago passed along Kanibadam and through the cities of Khojent, Istaravshan, Samarkand and Bukhara reached the very city of Marva.
In recent scientific studies, which are based on the study of the immortal poem by Abulkasim Firdousi "Shahname", there is a version that Kanibad was called Kanobad 3 thousand years ago, and the war between the Iranians and Turans went on in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present Ravat).
Kanibadam in the past was a very developed and prosperous city of Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document, where Kanibadam is referred to as Kand, is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarn, which was written approximately from 712 to 713 and was addressed to the lord of the city of Sogd Divashtak, when Kutayba ibn Muslim, commander in chief of the Arab army attacked Maverannahr.
From this document we can conclude that Kanibadam existed before the attack of the Arabs. The great traveler and geography connoisseur of the 9th century al-Istahri in his work “Al-Molik wa-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sughd region.
Later (at the end of the 19th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Makaddasi (944–990), who traveled around Khorasan and Maverannahr, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city Kande also mentions that a stream passed through the center of this city.
Brief information about Kanda is given in the geography book of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaihoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khojent except Kanda. Based on the statement of Jaihoni, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and as an independent city developed already in the X century.
From ancient times, Kanibadam was famous for its almonds all over the world. The glory of the almonds of this city is mentioned in the poetic legacy of Hakim Suzania Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in verses of the 12th-century Canibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni.
The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi (died 1229) in his book Mujam-ul-buldon writes: “Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“ a city rich in almonds ”). Here the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers. ”
Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in the “Boburnum” of the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that the ancient Kand, starting from the XII-XIII centuries, was called Konibodom, and by this name it is known to this day.
The Russian scientist V. Nalivkin in his book “A Brief History of the Kokand Khanate” claims that on the right bank of the Syr Darya was the village of Khojayagon. The scientist came to the conclusion that the former location of the city of Kanibadam was exactly at the site of this village.
According to his written instructions, the village of Khojayagon existed 6 thousand years ago and subsequently became a victim of a fire. The Russian archaeologist A.M.Kostania, having examined the location of the village of Khojayagon, claimed that once, a long time ago there was a settlement.
Several years ago, in the south of the kishlak of Works, two marble lamb heads and a bronze dagger were found that belonged to the 3rd-4th centuries BC. Currently, these priceless archival finds of sculptural art are stored in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.
Recently, during the reconstruction of one of the old houses in the village of Sarikui of the Pulatan jamoat, a jug was found, which, according to archaeologists, has a 2- or 3-thousand-year history.
The past of Kanibadam is marked by dramatic political stories. The city was attacked many times by foreign invaders who robbed and ravaged the city.
On the other hand, Kanibadam was the gateway to the Ferghana Valley, and this caused the city to become the arena of battles of local khans and emirs. Beautiful buildings became victims of fires, and innocent residents of the city - victims of bloodshed.
These bloody events are embodied in the memory of Kanibadamites, their legends and legends found their echo in the names of many places. One of the bloody pages of history is the attack of the Bukhara emir Nasrullo on the possession of the Kokand khan Madalikhan in 1842.
Fierce fighting took place in Kanibadam and caused the death of many people. The book “Muntahab-ul-Taborik” by Khoji Hakimhon (1843) testifies to the atrocities of the troops of the Emir Nasrullo in Kanibadam, where he writes: “... Emir Nasrullo captured Kanibadam, captured 5 thousand people.
The soldiers of the emir Nasrullo forcibly took away beautiful girls on horses, on the streets the corpses were strewn in blood and mud with a broken chest. Because of this violence and terror, the earth began to tremble, the rivers began to boil, the mountains thundered, the birds groaned, as if the end of the world had come. ”
Each time after such terrible bloody events, Kanibadam, thanks to the tireless work of hardworking residents, was rebuilding, growing and developing again. In the second half of the 19th century, tsarist Russia planned to conquer Central Asia and seize the wealth of this fertile land, strengthen its political influence and prevent the influence of the Western powers on this territory.
To this end, the tsarist troops moved to Central Asia and attacked Tashkent in 1864, the troops of the Kokand khan rushed to the aid of the Tashkent people. But, despite this, Tashkent was captured by the Russians.
The Bukhara emir Muzaffar with a hundred thousandth army stopped in the Kanibadam village of Mahram. People thought that the emir would unite with the Kokand khan and liberate Tashkent.
But the emir took advantage of the fact that the Kokand khan was helpless, was left without an army, and attacked Kokand. Many were killed and some people were captured. Sadriddin Aini in his essay “Duashar” (1940), dedicated to the construction of the Great Ferghana Canal, recalling the bloody events of Mahram, writes: “When the imperial troops captured Tashkent; the armed people of Ferghana returned to their region, the emir Muzaffar in Mahram built a fortress out of human heads and returned to Bukhara ... ”
In 1866, imperial troops completely captured Tashkent.
And this capture decided the fate of the Kokand Khanate. In 1867, the Turkestan Governor General was founded, with Tashkent at its center. A peace agreement was signed between the Governor General and Kokand Khan Khudoyor, but later Khudoyor was removed from his post.
His son Nasriddinbek, who was the lord of Andijan, became the Khan of Kokand. Nasriddinbek declared the Russians infidels, infidels, and called on people to rebel against the infidels.
The uprising was led by Abdurahman the tinker. The Kokand khan in the village of Mahram gathered a 30-thousand army in order to repel the Russian attack on Kokand. But the Russians, led by General Kaufman, who had more troops and better armaments than the local ones, after many bloody clashes seized the Makhram fortress and ousted the army of Nasriddinbek in the direction of the river.
In this battle, a lot of people were killed on both sides. Famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who himself was directly involved in the capture of the fortress, painted the picture “The Battle of Mahram” and depicted the events of this battle.
After the conquest of several cities of Ferghana by Russian troops, the Kokand Khan signed a surrender agreement. According to this agreement, the Makhram fortress ceased to exist as a border fortress.
After the capture of Tashkent and the Ferghana region, Central Asia was politically dependent on Russia. The Russian state included Turkestan region. In 1876, instead of the Kokand Khanate, the Ferghana Region was formed.
The accession of Central Asia to Russia influenced the political and social life of Kanibadam. After the construction of the railway between Samarkand and Ferghana in 1899, political and economic ties began to develop.
This way cotton, coal, dried fruits, leather were sent from Kanibadam to the cities of Russia, and wheat and industrial goods were brought back. On a special assignment from the Russian state, a group of scientists was sent to Central Asia, including Canibadam, to study natural resources.
In Kanibadam, huge underground riches were discovered, including oil and coal. The Shurab coal mine, an oil refinery, and villages for Russian emigrants were built.
In 1916, an oil refinery was built near the village of Santo, and a ginnery and creamery in Kanibadam. The construction of the railway, the establishment of the first industrial enterprises, the establishment of coal and oil production, and cooperation with Russian specialists led to the emergence of the working class in Kanibadam, which radically changed the socio-political, economic and cultural life of the people.
With the growth of enterprises and the development of industry, the population of the city also began to grow. In 1917, there were 30,000 inhabitants in Kanibadam, and more than 1010 inhabitants in the village of Santo.
(G) (I) Coordinates: 40 ° 17′00 ″ s w. 70 ° 25′00 ″ c. d. / 40.28333 ° c. w. 70.41667 ° in. d./ 40.28333; 70.41667 (G) (I)
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The origin of the name is associated with the word “baud” - almonds (Persian بادام), “conibod” - the source of almonds, the city of almonds.
Highway junction. 50.4 thousand inhabitants (2016). For the first time the city is mentioned in historical acts of the IX century, according to some sources, existed in the VIII-X centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bKanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of \u200b\u200bthis city existed in the second millennium BC. e.
The population as of January 1, 2016 is estimated at 50,400. What makes city 7 in the state.
In Kanibadam, there are cotton refineries and agricultural processing enterprises, a spinning mill and an oil refinery. In Soviet times, a factory for the production of auto parts and a creamery also operated. The city manufactures handicrafts. Agriculture is also developed.
The city has a drama theater, a museum, a technical college, 3 colleges, a pedagogical school, and a medical school.
2 madrassas have survived: Mir-Rajab-Dodho (16th century) and Oim (XVII century), mosques, mausoleum Langari bobo.
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The living room of Anna Pavlovna began to fill up a little. The highest nobility of St. Petersburg arrived, people are the most heterogeneous in age and character, but the same in society in which they all lived; the daughter of Prince Vasily, the beautiful Helene, came to call on her father to go with him on the feast of the messenger. She was in a cipher and a ball gown. Arrived also known as la femme la plus seduisante de Petersbourg [the most charming woman in St. Petersburg,], the young, little Princess Bolkonskaya, who married last winter and now did not go out into the light because of her pregnancy, but went on small evenings. Prince Hippolytus, son of Prince Basil, arrived with Mortemar, whom he introduced; Abbot Morio and many others arrived.
“Have you seen yet?” or: - you are not familiar with ma tante [with my aunt]? Said Anna Pavlovna to the guests who arrived and took them very seriously to a little old woman in tall bows, who had come up from another room, as soon as the guests began to arrive, called them by name, slowly moving her eyes from the guest to ma tante [aunt], and then left.
All the guests performed a ceremony of greeting to an unknown, uninteresting and unnecessary aunt. Anna Pavlovna with sad, solemn participation watched their greetings, tacitly endorsing them. Ma tante spoke to everyone in the same terms about his health, about his health and about the health of her majesty, which today, thank God, is better. All who approached, without decency showing no haste, with a feeling of relief of a heavy duty, departed from the old woman so that she would never come to her all evening.
The young princess Bolkonskaya arrived with work in an embroidered golden velvet bag. Her pretty, with a slightly blackened tendril upper lip was short in the teeth, but the milder it opened and the milder it stretched sometimes and fell to the lower one. As is always the case with quite attractive women, her flaw - the shortness of her lips and half-open mouth - seemed to her especially, in fact, her beauty. It was fun for everyone to look at this, full of health and liveliness, a pretty expectant mother, so easily enduring her position. It seemed to the old people and the bored, gloomy young people who looked at her that they themselves were becoming like her, having been and talked for a while with her. Whoever spoke to her and saw at every word her bright smile and brilliant white teeth, which could be seen without ceasing, he thought that he was especially gracious now. And everyone thought that.
The little princess, waddling around, took small quick steps around the table with a work bag on her hand and, cheerfully straightening the dress, sat on the sofa, near the silver samovar, as if all she did was part de plaisir [entertainment] for her and for everyone her surrounding.
“J" ai apporte mon ouvrage [I took over the work], ”she said, opening her reticule and addressing everyone together.
“Look, Annette, ne me jouez pas un mauvais tour,” she said to the hostess. - Vous m "avez ecrit, que c" etait une toute petite soiree; voyez, comme je suis attifee. [Don't play a bad joke with me; you wrote to me that you have a very small evening. See how I am dressed badly.]
And she spread her arms to show her, in lace, a gray graceful dress, belted a wide ribbon a little below her breasts.
“Soyez tranquille, Lise, vous serez toujours la plus jolie [Be calm, you will all be the best],” answered Anna Pavlovna.
“Vous savez, mon mari m" abandonne, ”she continued in the same tone, addressing the general,“ il va se faire tuer. Dites moi, pourquoi cette vilaine guerre, [You know, my husband leaves me. He is going to die. Tell me , why this ugly war,] - she told Prince Vasily and, without waiting for an answer, she turned to the daughter of Prince Vasily, to beautiful Helen.
- Quelle delicieuse personne, que cette petite princesse! [What a lovely princess this little princess is!] Said Prince Vasily quietly to Anna Pavlovna.
Soon after the little princess came a massive, fat young man with a cropped head, glasses, light trousers according to the fashion of that time, with a tall frill and a brown tailcoat. This fat young man was the illegitimate son of the famous Catherine nobleman, Count Bezukhov, who was now dying in Moscow. He had not served anywhere else, had just come from abroad, where he was brought up, and was for the first time in society. Anna Pavlovna greeted him with a bow relating to the people of the lowest hierarchy in her salon. But, despite this inferior greeting, the sight of Pierre in the person of Anna Pavlovna showed anxiety and fear, similar to that expressed in the form of something too huge and unusual for the place. Although, indeed, Pierre was somewhat larger than the other men in the room, this fear could only apply to that clever and at the same time timid, observant and natural look that distinguished him from everyone in this living room.
Canibadam (taj. Konibodom) - city (since 1937) c. Located in the southwestern part of the Ferghana Valley, on the Great Ferghana Canal, passing along the southern outskirts of the city, 6 km from the Kanibadam railway station (the old name is Melnikovo). A river flows through the valley in which the city stands.
The city of Kanibadam is one of the most ancient settlements of Central Asia. For the first time the name of the city in the form of “Kand”, meaning a settlement, was mentioned back in the VIII century. The origin of the name is associated with the word “baud” - almonds (Persian بادام), “conibod” - the source of almonds, the city of almonds. Kand by its geographical location had all the conditions for compact residence of people in antiquity. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bKanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of \u200b\u200bthis city existed in the second millennium BC. e... In recent scientific studies, which are based on the study of the immortal poem by Abulkasim Firdousi "Shahname", there is a version that Kanibad was called Kanobad 3 thousand years ago, and the war between the Iranians and Turans went on in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present Ravat ) Its natural conditions, namely the location in the lower reaches of the Isfarasai River, contributed to the emergence and development of agriculture, an increase in the population, as well as the emergence and development of various branches of craft.
Kanibadam in the past was a very developed and prosperous city of Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document, where Kanibadam is referred to as Kand, is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarn, which was written approximately in 712-713 and was addressed to the lord of the city of Sogd Divashtak when Kutayba ibn Muslim, commander in chief of the Arab army attacked Maverannahr. From this document we can conclude that Kanibadam existed before the attack of the Arabs. The great traveler and geography connoisseur of the 9th century al-Istahri in his work “Al-Molik wa-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sughd region. Later (at the end of the 9th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Makaddasi (944-990), who traveled around Khorasan and Maverannahr, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city of Kanda and mentions that a stream passed through the center of this city. Brief information about Kanda is given in the geography book of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaihoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khojent except Kanda. Based on the statement of Jaihoni, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and as an independent city developed already in the X century.
From ancient times, Kanibadam was famous for its almonds all over the world. The glory of the almonds of this city is mentioned in the poetic legacy of Hakim Suzania Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in verses of the 12th-century Canibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni. The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi (died 1229) in his book Mujam-ul-buldon writes: “Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“ a city rich in almonds ”). Here the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers. ” Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in the “Boburnum” of the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that the ancient Kand, starting from the XII-XIII centuries, was called Konibodom, and by this name it is known to this day.
The population as of January 1, 2018 is estimated at 51,600 people, which makes the city the seventh most populous country in the state.
In Kanibadam, there are cotton refineries and agricultural processing enterprises, a spinning mill and an oil refinery. In Soviet times, a factory for the production of auto parts and a creamery also operated. The city manufactures handicrafts. Agriculture is also developed.
The city has a drama theater, a museum, a technical college, 3 colleges, a pedagogical school, and a medical school.
2 madrassas have survived: Mir-Rajab-Dodho (16th century) and Oim (XVII century.), Manora Khojai Rushnoy (XIX century), mosques, mausoleum Langari bobo.
The city of Kanibadam was first mentioned in historical acts of the 15th century (1463), according to some sources, existed as early as the 8th – 10th centuries. Archaeological excavations carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bKanibadam show that cultural settlements in the area of \u200b\u200bthis city existed in the second millennium BC.
HISTORICAL documents and reliable scientific sources indicate that Kanibadam is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road 3700 years ago passed along Kanibadam and through the cities of Khojent, Istaravshan, Samarkand and Bukhara reached the very city of Marva. In recent scientific studies, which are based on the study of the immortal poem by Abulkasim Firdousi "Shahname", there is a version that Kanibad was called Kanobad 3 thousand years ago, and the war between the Iranians and Turans went on in the area from Kanobad to Rayobad (present Ravat).
Kanibadam in the past was a very developed and prosperous city of Central Asia, known as Kand. The original document, where Kanibadam is referred to as Kand, is a letter from Ambassador Fatuvarn, which was written approximately in 712-713 and was addressed to the lord of the city of Sogd Divashtak when Kutayba ibn Muslim, commander in chief of the Arab army attacked Maverannahr. From this document we can conclude that Kanibadam existed before the attack of the Arabs. The great traveler and geography connoisseur of the 9th century al-Istahri in his work “Al-Molik wa-l-masolik” mentions the city of Kand and claims that it belonged to the Sughd region. Later (at the end of the 19th century), the famous Arab historian and famous geographer Makaddasi (944-990), who traveled around Khorasan and Maverannahr, in his work “Ahsan-ul-takosim fi marifat al-akolim” gives information about the city of Kanda and mentions that a stream passed through the center of this city. Brief information about Kanda is given in the geography book of the great vizier of the Samanids - Jaihoni. The author, characterizing the city of Khojent, says that there is no city equal to Khojent except Kanda. Based on the statement of Jaihoni, it is clear that Kand belonged to the Khojent region and as an independent city developed already in the X century.
From ancient times, Kanibadam was famous for its almonds all over the world. The glory of the almonds of this city is mentioned in the poetic legacy of Hakim Suzania Samarkandi (date of death: 1179) and in verses of the 12th-century Canibadam poet Sheikh Bobo Tabibi Fargoni. The Arab historian and poet Yakuti Homawi (died 1229) in his book Mujam-ul-buldon writes: “Kand, due to the abundance of almonds, became known as Konibodom (“ a city rich in almonds ”). Here the almonds are very tasty and with a fragile shell, the shell can be broken with your fingers. ” Exactly the same information about Kanibadam is given in the “Boburnum” of the poet and statesman of the 16th century Zuhuriddin Muhammad Bobur. It follows that the ancient Kand, starting from the XII-XIII centuries, was called Konibodom, and by this name it is known to this day.
The Russian scientist V. Nalivkin in his book “A Brief History of the Kokand Khanate” claims that on the right bank of the Syr Darya was the village of Khojayagon. The scientist came to the conclusion that the former location of the city of Kanibadam was exactly at the site of this village. According to his written instructions, the village of Khojayagon existed 6 thousand years ago and subsequently became a victim of a fire. The Russian archaeologist A.M.Kostania, having examined the location of the village of Khojayagon, claimed that once, a long time ago there was a settlement. Several years ago, in the south of the kishlak of Works, two marble lamb heads and a bronze dagger were found, which belonged to the III-IV centuries BC.
Currently, these invaluable archival finds of sculptural art are kept in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. Recently, during the reconstruction of one of the old houses in the village of Sarikui of the Pulatan jamoat, a jug was found, which, according to archaeologists, has a 2- or 3-thousand-year history.
The past of Kanibadam is marked by dramatic political stories. The city was attacked many times by foreign invaders who robbed and ravaged the city.
On the other hand, Kanibadam was the gateway to the Ferghana Valley, and this caused the city to become the arena of battles of local khans and emirs. Beautiful buildings became victims of fires, and innocent residents of the city - victims of bloodshed. These bloody events are embodied in the memory of Kanibadamites, their legends and legends found their echo in the names of many places.
One of the bloody pages of history is the attack of the Bukhara emir Nasrullo on the possession of the Kokand khan Madalikhan in 1842. Fierce fighting took place in Kanibadam and caused the death of many people. The book “Muntahab-ul-Taborik” by Khoji Hakimhon (1843) testifies to the atrocities of the troops of the emir Nasrullo in Kanibadam, where he writes: “... Emir Nasrullo captured Kanibadam, captured 5 thousand people. The soldiers of the emir Nasrullo forcibly took away beautiful girls on horses, on the streets the corpses were strewn in blood and mud with a broken chest. Because of this violence and terror, the earth began to tremble, the rivers began to boil, the mountains thundered, the birds groaned, as if the end of the world had come. ”
Each time after such terrible bloody events, Kanibadam, thanks to the tireless work of hardworking residents, was rebuilding, growing and developing again.
In the second half of the 19th century, tsarist Russia planned to conquer Central Asia and seize the wealth of this fertile land, strengthen its political influence and prevent the influence of the Western powers on this territory. To this end, the tsarist troops moved to Central Asia and attacked Tashkent in 1864, the troops of the Kokand khan rushed to the aid of the Tashkent people. But, despite this, Tashkent was captured by the Russians.
The Bukhara emir Muzaffar with a hundred thousandth army stopped in the Kanibadam village of Mahram. People thought that the emir would unite with the Kokand khan and liberate Tashkent. But the emir took advantage of the fact that the Kokand khan was helpless, was left without an army, and attacked Kokand. Many were killed, and some people were captured.
Sadriddin Aini in his essay “Duashar” (1940), dedicated to the construction of the Great Ferghana Canal, recalling the bloody events of Mahram, writes: “When the imperial troops captured Tashkent; the armed people of Ferghana returned to their region, the emir Muzaffar in Mahram built a fortress out of human heads and returned to Bukhara ... "
In 1866, imperial troops completely captured Tashkent. And this capture decided the fate of the Kokand Khanate. In 1867, the Turkestan Governor General was founded, with Tashkent at its center. A peace agreement was signed between the Governor General and Kokand Khan Khudoyor, but later Khudoyor was removed from his post. His son Nasriddinbek, who was the lord of Andijan, became the Khan of Kokand. Nasriddinbek declared the Russians infidels, infidels, and called on people to rebel against the infidels. The uprising was led by Abdurahman the tinker.
The Kokand khan in the village of Makhram gathered a 30,000-strong army in order to repel the Russian attack on Kokand. But the Russians, led by General Kaufman, who had more troops and better armaments than the local ones, after many bloody clashes seized the Makhram fortress and ousted the army of Nasriddinbek in the direction of the river. In this battle, a lot of people were killed on both sides. Famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin, who himself was directly involved in the capture of the fortress, painted the picture “The Battle of Mahram” and depicted the events of this battle.
After the conquest of several cities of Ferghana by Russian troops, the Kokand Khan signed a surrender agreement. According to this agreement, the Makhram fortress ceased to exist as a border fortress.
After the capture of Tashkent and the Ferghana region, Central Asia was politically dependent on Russia. The Russian state included Turkestan region. In 1876, instead of the Kokand Khanate, the Ferghana Region was formed.
The accession of Central Asia to Russia influenced the political and social life of Kanibadam. After the construction of the railway between Samarkand and Ferghana in 1899, political and economic ties began to develop. This way cotton, coal, dried fruits, leather were sent from Kanibadam to the cities of Russia, and wheat and industrial goods were brought back.
On a special assignment from the Russian state, a group of scientists was sent to Central Asia, including Canibadam, to study natural resources. In Kanibadam, huge underground riches were discovered, including oil and coal. The Shurab coal mine, an oil refinery, and villages for Russian emigrants were built.
In 1916, an oil refinery was built near the village of SANTO, and a ginnery and creamery were built in Kanibadam. The construction of the railway, the establishment of the first industrial enterprises, the establishment of coal and oil production, and cooperation with Russian specialists led to the emergence of the working class in Kanibadam, which radically changed the socio-political, economic and cultural life of the people. With the growth of enterprises and the development of industry, the population of the city also began to grow. In 1917, there were 30 thousand inhabitants in Kanibadam, and more than 1010 inhabitants in the village of SANTO.
... The victory of the bourgeois revolution in February 1917 in Russia influenced not only the socio-political life of Russia, but also changed the life of the peoples of Central Asia. The workers of the SANTO coal mine in Kanibadam organized the Council of Workers and Soldiers. This Council defended the interests of workers and established workers' control over production.
The order of the Russian emperor to attract local people to the Russian battalions for rear operations caused discontent among the peoples of Central Asia. Despite this, hundreds of people from poor families were mobilized to work in the rear in Russia.
When the October Revolution took place in Russia, the Kokand Autonomy was formed in Kokand, whose leaders called on the people to fight against the revolutionary government. Supporters of the Kokand autonomy temporarily surrounded the garrison of the Red Army. Kokand’s provisional autonomous “government” did not last long. In a very short time, revolutionary forces overthrew this government.
The victory of the October Revolution in Khojent district and in Kanibadam intensified later in May and June 1918. On May 5, 1919, a conference of the Communist Party was held in Kanibadam, and the organization of a district party committee was announced. The party’s presidium included Ismoil Valiev, the first secretary of the committee, Karimdzhon Huseynzoda, Khomidjon Muminov, Ashurboy Boboev, members of the bureau. The actions of the new government and the party committee were aimed at opening schools, recreation centers, at creating branches of the executive committee.
Despite the fact that the "Autonomous Kokand government" was destroyed by the Red Army, the anti-revolutionary forces were able to unite 70 thousand people against the Soviet power and thereby laid the foundation for the Basmach and anti-revolutionary movement in the Ferghana region. This movement was led by the tsarist General Ribako and Colonel Lawrence from the English mission, nicknamed Mawlawi.
The Party Conference of the Ferghana Region in 1920 decided in districts and regions to organize revolutionary committees (revolutionary committees), self-defense detachments of police officers to prevent the attack of counter-revolutionaries.
November 30, 1921 a detachment of Kurbashi Islom in the amount of 1000 people attacked the Yaypan village in Uzbekistan and Kanibadam, seized the main roads, the garrison of the self-defense unit, the police building, the hukumat of the party committee, grain depots, oil and coal deposits.
As a result of this attack, 36 party members, police officers, members of the self-defense detachment were killed. Among those killed were the first secretary of the city committee of the party Elberg, the chief of police Karakaftanov, a member of the party bureau of the regional committee Kuzmin, the communist Ohunjon, a member of the Komsomol Dzhura Giyasov, a member of the party bureau of the committee of the city of Rakhimpechon, the teacher of the village Niyazbek Hafiz Jalol and others.
This was not the first or last time the Basmache attack. The Basmachi gangs also raged in the vicinity of the Kanibadam region, robbed and killed civilians.
In 1924-25, with the support of the 6th Regiment, the city’s self-defense detachment rebuffed the Basmachi group.
During these years, a terrible famine began in the city. The appeal of the revolutionary committee of Kanibadam dated November 3, 1925 stated that hunger is a temporary phenomenon and in a matter of days the peasants will receive a sufficient amount of grain. In the same year, 1,500 pounds of grain were allocated for the starving.
After the victory of the Great October Revolution, Kanibadam was part of the Kokand district of the Ferghana region. The funds allocated by the region for institutions and departments of public education did not reach in a timely manner. To get one document, residents had to visit the center of the region several times.
As a result of the national-territorial division of 1924, Kanibadam remained part of the Ferghana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which caused discontent among the population. At the beginning of February 1925, the V Regional Party Conference was held in Ferghana. The conference was attended by delegates from Kanibadam, as well as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR M.I. Kalinin and the leaders of the government of Uzbekistan. Meeting with high-ranking officials who arrived from Ferghana on February 8, 1925, with slogans and banners at the Melnikovo railway station, representatives of the population of Kanibadam asked to organize an autonomous region of Kanibadam. The leaders promised that the residents' request for the organization of an independent region of Kanibadam would soon be resolved.
The meeting was well organized, but the district leaders were punished for organizing the “performance”. In June 1925, a party commission arrived in Kanibadam from Samarkand. The chairman of the party committee of Kanibadam, Azam Nodirov, and the chairman of the executive committee, Mahmujon, the chairman of the revolutionary committee, Ashurmukhamadov, were removed from their posts, but the people's demand for the organization of the Kanibadam region was fulfilled.
The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan issued a decree on April 15, 1925, which states: “To recognize the need to separate the Kanibadam region, inhabited mainly by Tajiks, with its subordination directly to the regional center” (Central Administration of the Tajik SSR, f. 9, op. 1 , d. 194, l. 286).
Thus, according to the resolution of the Ferghana regional executive committee of May 14, 1925, the Kanibadam district as an independent district stood out from the Kokand district and became subordinate to the Ferghana region.
In response to this decision, the leadership of Kanibadam on behalf of the workers of the city and the region sent a telegram to the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan with the following content: “Tajiks express gratitude to the People’s Committee and the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan for respecting the rights of the nation.”
The order of the Executive Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the resolution of the Executive Committee of the Ferghana Region played an important role in socio-economic and cultural development.
Before the national-territorial division of Central Asia, the Mahram and Isfara volosts did not belong to Kanibadam. After this order of the Executive Committee of Uzbekistan, they were annexed to the Kanibadam district. So, from three volosts in1925, an independent Kanibadam district with the Tajik population was formed as part of the Ferghana region.
In honor of the organization of an independent district of Kanibadam, a three-day mass festivities was announced by a decision of the district executive committee.
Before the organization of the independent Kanibadam district, in all schools of the district, educational work was conducted in the Uzbek language, despite the fact that the native language of the students was Tajik. The Executive Committee of Kanibadam by a decision of May 7, 1925 No. 14 decided to conduct clerical work in institutions and study in educational institutions in the Tajik language.
The decision noted the following:
1. Incoming magazines at enterprises are kept in Tajik. The population writes statements in their native language, decisions of higher authorities are communicated to residents only in their native Tajik language.
2. Who does not obey this order, on the basis of Law No. 107 will be held administratively liable.
3. Only in the jamoats Kushkak, Niyazbek and Khamirjuy, the population of which is mainly Uzbeks, do paperwork in the Uzbek language.
This decision was signed on 05/07/1925 by the chairman of the executive committee Ashurmuhammadzoda and the secretary Bobokalonov.
By the decision of the Executive Committee of May 14, 1925 No. 42, the city of Kanibadam was declared the district's control center.
On May 28, 1925, the decision of the Ferghana Oblast Executive Committee determined the territory of the Kanibadam district, which included the Chorkuh volost with two village councils, the Isfara volost with four village councils and the Makhram volost with two village councils.
According to the decision, the staff of the executive committee and its departments were 71 people, including 20 employees of the executive committee. The decision recommended; so that comrades Pogodin and Nikiforov consider the issue of the rights of the executive committee of Kanibadam in connection with equating to the county.
After the foundation of the independent Kanibadam region, socio-economic and cultural life developed at a rapid pace. Oil production in SANTO and Shurab coal was getting better. SANTO oil was dispatched by rail to Russian cities.
In 1925, the construction of a cannery began in the city center. Machine tools of domestic and foreign production were brought and installed with the help of the American engineer Muligon Frank. This enterprise was put into operation ahead of schedule on August 25, 1929, also seven craft cooperatives were opened in the city, 533 people worked in them.
In order to plan the construction of a new plant on January 30, 1930, on the instructions of the Government of Tajikistan, Professor Smirnitsky and a specialist of Conservrest of the USSR Dvorkin were sent to Kanibadam. In 1931, the construction of the Kanibadam-Isfara railway began, in 1932 it was commissioned, the construction of the road was continued, and it was laid to the town of Shurab. In 1933, the construction of the railway to Shurab was completed.
In 1935, the construction of a ginnery began in Kanibadam, in 1938 a spinning mill. They were delivered on time, in 1939. The construction of an automobile repair plant (Avtozavod) began. In the prewar years, they began to prepare drawings for the construction of the Kanibadamsk creamery ...
... According to historical sources, Kanibadam was part of the Khujand region during the Middle Ages. Kanibadam volost since 1866 was part of the Kokand Khanate. After the destruction of this Khanate, Kanibadam joined the Isfara Uyezd, on the orders of the Turkestan Governor General of March 12, 1881. No. 83 Kanibadam volost again became part of Kokand.
After the annexation of Central Asia to Russia, the territory of Central Asia (except for the Bukhara and Kokand khanates) was divided into counties. The county, in turn, is on volosts, volosts - on jamoats. The structure of the governor general of Turkestan included 5 regions, 27 counties and 603 volosts.
The territory of the Kokand district was divided into several parts, which were controlled by bailiffs. This administrative structure in Turkestan lasted until the Great October Socialist Revolution. In Kanibadam, the district police officer observed the work of volosts and jamoats.
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, the central part of Kanibadam was divided into the jamoats Pulodon, Sarikui, Kuyigoziyon and Firuzoba. Each part of the city was ruled by an elder - an amine. The city had 60 settlements, the elders were called "elikboshi" (ruk. 50 houses).
February 6, 1921 Kanibadam had 6 volosts. By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of Uzbekistan of April 15, 1925 in the territory of three volosts: Mahram, Kanibadam and Isfara - an independent Tajik region was founded - Kanibadam - as part of Uzbekistan. Two years later, the Isfara district separated as an independent region.
February 14, 1927 After lengthy negotiations between representatives of the Kanibadam region and the leaders of the Ferghana region, the Kanibadam region left the Ferghana region and became part of the Khojent district.
In October 1929 The Autonomous Republic of Tajikistan entered as an independent republic in the USSR.
By the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR of October 14, 1930 the center of Kanibadam district became part of an independent administrative-territorial city. Part of the city center was divided into 18 quarters, and 15 jamoats were included in the city.
By decision of the Central Executive Committee Taj. SSR of March 11, 1935 the city of Kanibadam again turned into the Kanibadam district. With the development of industry and culture, the decision of the Central Executive Committee of the TSSR of August 11, 1937 the center of the district turned into a city and was governed by the district executive committee.
After three land-water reforms, the peasants in Kanibadam had a certain amount of land, but before the collectivization of the national economy began, part of the land was in the hands of the previous owners. The peasants leased part of the land from the state, and in exchange handed over cotton under the agreement.
As a result of such relations, the development of individual farms was difficult. In 1927 for the experiment in Cheki Berdikul in the village of Shahidkarayantok Karakchikum organized TOZs, which became the foundations for the organization of collective farms. They had little land. In the village of Pulodon, 15 peasants founded the Podvoisky artel.
In 1930 instead of artels, collective farms were organized. In 1932, the number of collective farms was already 43.
It should be noted that during the collectivization of the national economy in Kanibadam without reason, for various fictitious reasons, middle peasants and even the poor were included in the list of kulaks. Only in 1931–32 from the region 260 peasant farms were included in the list of kulaks and exiled to the Caucasus.
Several of our fellow countrymen, fearing political repression, emigrated to Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and other countries. In addition, by decree of the People’s Commissariat of Tajikistan of November 16, 1932. over 100 households were relocated to the Vakhsh valley.
Despite economic difficulties, in 1931. new collective farms handed over 162 tons of cotton to the state. In the organization of collective farms, the MTS played an important role, which were organized in Kanibadam in 1930. and provided collective farms with equipment.
During these years, cotton growing, horticulture and gardening developed in the region. From year to year, the productivity of cotton and grain increased. Thanks to the construction in 1939. The Great Ferghana Canal with a length of 270 km, which was dug by folk hashar in 45 days, hundreds of hectares of rainfed land were developed. During the construction years of the Kairakkum hydroelectric station and the Tajik Sea (“Bahri Tojik”), most of the fertile lands of Mahram and Karakchikum remained under water. Residents moved to the left bank of the sea and built houses, households. Thanks to the work of water pumping stations, 3139 hectares of rainfed land were irrigated only in Karakchikum and Mahram. The collective farms were transformed with the help of Soviet power into advanced and wealthy farms.
In the early 50s of the last century, the unification of collective farms began. 44 small collective farms were combined into 6 large collective farms, which enabled the collective farms to become powerful and contributed to the provision of equipment. In 1988, the district managed to achieve excellent cotton production. Having handed over 30,277 tons of cotton to the state this year, the district fulfilled the plan by 114.9%, the yield reached 29.9 centners per hectare.
As a result of political and economic changes in the 90s of the last century, joint-stock companies and peasant farms were organized on the basis of collective farms.
Now in Kanibadam 123 water pumps are used, which provide farms with water from the Syr Darya, the Great Ferghana Canal and the Isfara River.
June 22, 1941 Fascist Germany treacherously attacked the Soviet Union. To defend the country in the very first days of the war, upon the call of the State Defense Committee under the slogan “Everything for the front, everything for victory”, militias were created from people of fraternal republics.
On the battlefield, along with other brothers were Kanibadamites, whose courage and courage inscribed their names in history. The first to go into battle voluntarily were the Communists, Party and government workers. Among them are Abdullo Maksudov, second secretary of the party’s city committee, Akbar Makhkamov, Nabi Fakhri, Samidzhonov, S. Goibnazarov, head of the district executive committee, Jura Ergashev, and hundreds of other volunteers. And the rear turned into a field of labor feats and became the support of the Soviet Army. In the shortest possible time, all industrial enterprises of the city, collective farms and state farms of the region went into martial law, and part of the enterprises was converted for military output.
A car repair plant, a cannery, and a spinning and sewing cooperative produced military products for war veterans. At the cannery opened workshops for the preservation of meat and milk, which supplied the front with products. The sewing artel produced blankets, shoes and felt boots for war veterans. The industrial products of the city mainly went to the front.
In these difficult days, having mastered the male profession, women sat behind the wheel of cars and tractors, taking the places of male front-line soldiers. The persistence and dedication of women in the rear ensured the organization of advanced front-line brigades. Azimova, Samadova, Parpieva from the Kommunist collective farm, Akhmedov, Khairi Abdulloeva from the Madaniyat collective farm, Johnon Urunova from the Udarnik collective farm, Enazhon Boymatova, Adolat Isoyeva from the Chapaev collective farm and others joined the Stakhanovites. Activists of the district organized defense hectares, defense funds. For a year and a half of war, the Kanibadamites contributed 143531 rubles to the defense fund and bought bonds of the state loan for 181145 rubles. They sent to the front 3,500 centners of grain, 6,500 centners of fruit, 8,000 tons of dried fruit, 90 livestock, 586 pairs of felt boots, 22 short fur coats and much more. At the initiative of the city's youth, fundraising for the construction of a tank column continued. Young people raised 106,187 rubles for construction and bought government bonds for 22,000 rubles.
Voluntary assistance to the front testified to the high patriotism of the working people of the region.
From the first days of the war, courageous front-line soldiers were steadfast and performed unprecedented feats. Among the fighters who defended the borders of the USSR was our fellow-machine gunner Akbar Makhmudov. He showed courage and steadfastness in protecting the Brest Fortress. Although he died from an enemy bullet, courage and heroism made his name famous in the country.
A native of Mahram, junior lieutenant Ergash Sharipov destroyed 30 German soldiers and 6 self-propelled guns in the city of Uter Brod, Czechoslovakia. Was injured. Despite this, he continued to command in battle until the enemy attack was repelled. For military exploits, he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union 05/15/1946
A native of the village of Sarikuy of the Pulatan jamoat, teacher, unit commander Dadodzhon Sayfulloev on August 4-5, 1941 on the Southwestern Front in the village of Gatno, performed a feat as a scout, was wounded during the attack and died in the arms of friends. For participation in military operations he was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin on 5.11.1941.
A former internal affairs officer, Lt. Col. Nizom Nazarov, back in 1938 in a war against Japanese militarists on Lake Hassan, having shown valor, destroyed many Japanese soldiers and, having captured an enemy machine, transported him through impassable swamps. October 25, 1938 he was among the first to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner. During the Second World War, as part of the 491st battalion of the 16th Air Force, he reached Berlin and participated in the capture of this city. He has two orders of the Red Banner and military medals.
Shahri Khaidarova, the only sister of mercy, the only one from Kanibadam, cured many wounded in the war and saved her from death. On fragile shoulders, she carried countless wounded from the battlefield. This courageous Kanibadam girl marched with medical units from Voronezh to the Baltic shores, and after defeating Germany she participated in the war against Japan and reached Manchuria.
... In the Great Patriotic War hundreds of fighters from Kanibadam participated, they were awarded military orders and medals. During the war years, almost 6,000 young men were called up from Kanibadam, and nearly 3,000 of them died on the fronts of the war. In memory of them, a memorial plaque was erected in their homeland. As already mentioned, during the Second World War, the rear became a second front. In 1942 1,400 children, women and the elderly were resettled from the front line to the rear, including to Kanibadam. By decree of the city executive committee of the district of March 22, 1942. jamoats (village councils) were given the task of placing refugees in rural areas (in villages). According to this decree, 300 g of grain, 25 g of oil, 50 g of bran were given to refugees every day.
In 1942-43, two military field hospitals from Moscow were moved to Kanibadam and placed in the best buildings of the city - in the building of the pedagogical school (now Technological College), schools named after Lenin and Narimanov. Collective farms were given the task of providing and caring for the sick.
... Since ancient times, schools have been the main source of
On the page is an interactive map of Kanibadam from the satellite. More on. Below are satellite images and real-time search for Google Maps, photos of the city and Sughd region in Tajikistan, coordinates
On a satellite map of Kanibadam, we observe how buildings are located on the streets. View the scheme of the district territory, highways and highways, squares and banks, stations and stations, search for addresses.
The satellite map of Kanibadam presented here online contains satellite images of buildings and photos of houses from space. You can find out where you are and how to get to the streets. Using the Google Map service search, you will find the address you need in the city and its view from space. We advise you to change the scale of the scheme +/- and move the center of the image in the right direction.
Detailed satellite map of Kanibadam (hybrid) and area provided by Google Maps.
Coordinates - 40.287,70.434
